●can speed
We once said, no tire revolution was the development of the world automobile industry. And in 1946 by the Michelin Co invented radial Truck Tire, tire field to bring revolutionary, is an epoch-making. Radial tire is available, not only for modern traffic plays a decisive influence, at the same time, but also to human life brought about by the bright colors.
Firstly, from the perspective of automobile speed, the speed of the mainly depends on the engine, but the tire is shouldering the mission of sacred duty. The United States sprint Ming will Lewis, the quality of its own as the engine of the car, but his feet shoes like car radial tire, if Lewis wore sneakers but not ordinary leather shoes, then, others do not take stimulants can run faster than him. Of course, this is just a joke, but the tires on the importance of improving the vehicle speed.
We may be on the highway seen from the tire off a piece of rubber, this is because the tire speed exceeds its critical speed, resulting in the interior of the tire has accumulated a lot of heat caused by the.
Then, the speed and spin coating what relationship? After the introduction of their relationship, first introduce the tire at high speed to produce a phenomenon -- " standing wave ".
Tyre during running, the tyre and the ground contact portion for loading and the surrounding bending, rotating and leaves the ground, with the curved portion of tire pressure restitution, but if the tire pressure is insufficient or too fast, too late to restore bent portion, the tire will produce wavy deformation, manifested in the tire and ground the site of a nearby, commonly known as " standing wave ".
" Standing " occurs, the rolling resistance of the tire tire rises sharply, in a short period of time to absorb wave energy, resulting in a rapid temperature rise. At this point, if continue to high speeds, which occurs earlier pavement adhesive is shed, and cause tyre blowout.
You can see from the above analysis, " speed - - - - wave temperature degumming burst " are linked together in a line. While the radial tire because ply outside hoop has strong steel, therefore, even during high speed rotation, is not prone to " wave " phenomenon. So the tire can be high speed, while the bias tire. However, everything has its limit, particularly tires, because it plays a comprehensive role, so in the design and production of wheel tyre, has provided the critical velocity ( of course this structure than the bias tire tire speed is much higher ), if the speed exceeds the tire critical speed, the same happens. Therefore, each driver will be aware of their own cars tire speed levels, and in strict accordance with the provisions of the level road, as far as possible to avoid explosion accidents from happening.
Not be punctured easily
Radial tire tread portion because of steel strip layer, therefore, is not easy to be nails and other sharp objects on ( relatively speaking ). Experiments show that, from the tread into the diameter of 2mm nails, bias tire only 196N force can run through, and radial tire wire, need 980N force to penetrate. That is to say, steel radial tire and oblique intersection tyre comparison, both into the same nail, into the tread of the strength, steel radial tire is the tire oblique lines layer 5 times.
The long service life
Because the radial tire crown of strip steel is very strong, therefore, the tire tread portion can use relatively hard rubber, thereby improving the tire wear, prolonging the service life of the tire.
The strong safety performance
Radial tire tread is wide, so it's grip is strong, good braking performance, handling and stability performance good. In addition, we have introduced the temperature is caused by the tire problems are a major cause of radial tire, and because of its sidewall thin, so the running when the temperature is low, heat quickly. In general, radial tire with 110km / h speed continuous running, its temperature is 100 ℃, and bias tire, when the speed of 69km / h continuous running, its temperature is as high as 120℃. Therefore, meridian tire can be safe, high-speed in the high-speed on the road. In addition, radial tire with sidewall is soft, shock absorption, good ride comfort, low noise.
Test proves, radial tire and bias tire is compared, its wear resistance can be improved about 30% 50%~100%, low rolling resistance, save fuel 8%~10%, enhance traction around 10%~20%, improve the lateral force resistance performance is 50%~70%, punctured tyre oblique lines 5 times.
However, radial tyre side as the thinner, so it is not as good as the tire sidewall resistance to fight, whether Road teeth or gravel roads are very easy to cut the tire sidewall, suffered a fatal injury and useless. In addition, because the tire production process is complicated, the production of strict technical requirements, must have advanced equipment and expensive raw materials, so the tire production efficiency as well as the tire is high, the price is more expensive. Even so, along with the high speed road development, bias tire has been unable to meet the high-speed road, road of high speed of radial tire as a pet, has been more and more by the vast number of pilots favor. At present, the full realization of the tire of meridian of Western Europe, the United States of America amounted to 89%, Japan reached 78%, the majority of countries such as China, the meridian tire also has reached about 30%. As can be expected, tyre industry proportion can be more and more big, the progressive realization of full meridian of just a matter of time.
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Buy Truck Tiresmust first determine the vehicle 's first tyre specification. Usually car tire specifications identifier is ***\/** R***, are part of digital ( for example: 205\/55R16 ).
This note is, buy the tire specifications must be the original car assembly and tire specifications, such as the need to change the specifications of tire must go to the professional shop converted tire upgrades, or consulting car manufacturer. In the purchase of the tyre, you need to fully consider the performance of the vehicle, driving habits and hobbies, the road conditions and climatic conditions, and then according to Jin Branch of tire product positioning to choosing your tires.
Different specifications available pattern is not the same. The same is Jin Branch brand of tires, a different pattern represents the different product positioning. ( for example: PRIMACY LC Hiroetsu belongs to comfortable pattern, PILOT SPORT 3 belongs to the movement pattern ).
Import and export truck tires specification has many marked approaches, such as 205 / 60R15 89H, P195 / 75R14, P195 / 75SR14, 92S 165R13, 185 70R14, 750 16LT, 31 ×10.50R15LT and so on, so that drivers do not understand, many, did not know that these figures are representative of what parts of the tire, why Mark approach and every kind of.
In fact we see every kind of truck tires specification is not the same country or different arrangement by the use of different marked method. The front tyre has analyzed each part of the name and appellation refers to the plan, these terms are invariant, so, you know different countries marked the approach mentioned in the back tire parts, also widely, what understood.
① ISO symbols. The ISO symbol is the international standard of symbols arranged abbreviation, ISO9000, ISO9001, ISOt9002, as in the previous analysis of Japanese tire, implementation of the specification is ISO9002, Yokohama tire implementation specification is ISO9001.
In accordance with the 10S symbol, the tire specification must be marked in the following ways:
( 1 ) 205 / 60R15 89H
205: tire width ( mm )
60: the flattening ratio
R: radial plan
15: tyre nominal diameter ( in )
89: maximum load
H: maximum speed
( 2 ) 215 / 65R15 94H
215: tire width ( mm )
65: the flattening ratio
R: radial plan
15: tyre nominal diameter ( in )
94: maximum load
H: maximum speed
② P metric. P metric for the United States of America specification.
( 1 ) P195 / 75R14 92S
P : Airbus abbreviations ( PC )
195: tire width ( mm )
75: the flattening ratio
R: radial plan
14: tyre nominal diameter ( in )
92: maximum load
S: maximum speed
( 2 ) P205 / 60HR14
P : Airbus abbreviations
205: tire width ( mm )
60: the flattening ratio
H: maximum speed
R: radial plan
14: tyre nominal diameter ( in )
It can be seen from the above ( case 1 ) tire load capacity and speed level is in together, and in the back, and ( 2 ) cases in the tire speed level and representatives of radial tire plan alphabet R together, while the load is marked other elsewhere, so, ( 1 ) and the ( 2 ) indicate the approach is slightly different. Although this only shows that methods are not the same, but there are many driver brothers in to buy when the tire, often due to meet to tyres and his used car tire marked approaches are not the same, does not dare to use. For example, some vehicle tire code is 185 / 70SR14, so the driver can use the 185 / 70R14 86S tires. This situation the author in the work which are often encountered, thus, together here emphatically put forward, please have this thought or driver can eliminate early fear, relaxation of purchase, purchase the tire as one wishes.
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Lift truck tire structure, we may wish to recall the history of the development of tire. This regarding our understanding of tire understanding and understanding is very important.
The earliest tires are made from wood, this from our ancient chariots and the foreign gentleman carriage can be seen. Later, when the explorer in 1493-1496 second Kolumb probes new continent arrived in West India islands in Haiti, discovered the local children play rubber lump, which makes him be startled at. Then he put the good things back to the motherland, several years later, rubber has been widely used, the wheels also gradually by the wood into a hard rubber manufacturing. But when the tire is still solid, go up is not sound, and the noise is big. Until 1845, was born in Scotland, civil engineer Tom Rw germinal clear world second pneumatic tires, and to " carriage and other vehicle wheel to improve " problem, obtain the British government patent.
40 years later on 1888, in Ireland when the veterinary medicine Gran JB Mr. Dunlop made inflatable tire patents. At the time, JB Dunlop 's 10 year old son Jonny bought a three-wheeled bike, but because of the tire are hard rubber solid tyre, therefore, on the stony road is not earned, son of complaints aroused Mr. Dunlop idea, therefore, was forgotten for more than forty years pneumatic tire out again. Along with the time travel, Mr. Dunlop invented pneumatic tire quickly in the bicycle has been used, and active towards the car in the field, for the world automotive industry has made great contribution to the open.
During the early stages of the pneumatic tire, use is coated with rubber canvas when the matrix, because the canvas of vertical and horizontal lines cross each other when walking, because the deformation of the tire, lead line conflict, this line is very simple, is worn off, the tyre can run 200-300km.1903 JF, Mr. Nirupama made clear twill textiles, textile invention led to the diagonal cross ply tires opened, so that the tire to go forward. Because of an oblique fork from the tire carcass walking and lead to conflict, cord is not simple ground fault, so life is lengthened. 1930 Michelin made the first tubeless tires; 1946 and invented a world famous radial tire. Therefore, the tire turn is experienced a lengthy process, in this long night, I do not know how many generations in much hard work and wisdom.
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Truck tire species complex, hundreds more, according to the general habit of tire pressure, purpose, planning, load capacity and other elements of a general classification. According to the plan is different, can be divided into bias tire and radial tire; according to the matrix skeleton materials are not the same, can be divided into artificial silk cord tires, nylon tire cord, polyester tire cord, steel wire tire cord and pouring tire; in accordance with tubeless, can be divided into inner tube and tubeless tyre tire; according to the standard size, can be divided into giant, large, medium and small tire; according to the use of different, can be divided into automobile tires, OTR tire, agricultural and forestry tyre, tire, motorcycle tire tire. During the automobile tire uses can be divided into 5 categories: car tires, light load tyre, tyre, and mining, off-road tire.
The international standard rules, should according to the tire use classification.
Automobile tire planning in accordance with different can be divided for bias tire and radial tire.
Bias tire carcass ply layer and a buffer layer in the adjacent layer Cord Cross, and of the tread center line is less than 90 degrees are inflatable tires, tire ( referred to as the radial tire carcass ply ) and the tread center line form an angle of 90 degrees or 90 degrees is placed near the earth, similar to the meridian line method of tire.
The first selection bias tire fibers as the reinforcement material of tire, industrial equipment is relatively simple and technical content is low, in the process of using the heat high, not suitable for high speed travel, mainly for agricultural vehicles, the low speed truck and bus function. From the direction of the development, to the early tire varieties, will be gradually pick. While the radial tire as depicted on the advantages and ply number, plus in the crown increases the strength and endurance of larger belt, its internal friction and rolling power is small, wear resistance is greatly improved, so the rational planning, high speed, oil saving, safety, comfortable and other interests, with diagonal tyre incomparable superiority, is the bias tire replacement.
Radial tire carcass material according to different can divide for all steel radial tire, semi steel radial tire and all fiber radial tire. Semi steel radial tire is mainly used for loading small passenger car and light truck, and all steel radial tire for high speed and high power truck, bus, container truck and long distance, high grade highway treks trucks and buses, both have obvious differences in use.
A car is composed of thousands of parts, and each part, the general can only play a role. Tires, auto parts is one, but, the truck tires and other components of the role played by is not the same, it in the car travel to play the following four functions.
In 1, bear the load.
A car regardless of its weight, or takes the person or object, its weight is to go through the body to the tire, finally by the tire shoulder all the burdens, so, tire in bearing plays a very important role.
In 2, episodes of driving force and brake force
Because the tire is only in contact with the road car parts, therefore, whether it is a car starting, braking, parking trek, still should pass the tyre and the road " communication", and through the tire to end car or drive staff voluntarily.
In 3, buffer and shock absorption
Without a paved road, is mostly rugged gravel, pavement has many stone or pit, package, even paved road, there is often some obstacles, affects the vehicle's normal trek. In this case, the tire will carry forward its excellent buffer and shock-absorbing function, so that vehicles can be more comfortable circumstances. This is because, the tire itself is composed of 50% elastic or rubber, and the air in the tire of excellent shock absorption function, so can the car in bad pavement can also easily.
In 4, changes in automobile travel direction
Whether to still turn required by the car's tires to end, it often according to the drive member to change the direction of vehicle travel voluntarily.
Because of the tire with the four role, therefore, the automobile can be in uneven road safety, freedom, sensitive, comfortable journey; also because it has the four functions, therefore, the tire in the whole automobile parts of importance can not be ignored.
Mention of tire type, there are many kinds of method: according to vehicle classification, classification according to use, according to size, according to the markings classification, classification according to plan.
According to vehicle classification
Tire press vehicle classification, can be roughly divided into 8 types. Namely: PC -- LT -- car tire; light truck tire; TB -- truck and bus tire; AG -- agricultural vehicle tires; OTR -- engineering tyre; ID -- industrial vehicle tires; AC -- MC -- aircraft tire; motorcycle tire.
According to the classification of tire use
Tire press use classification, including truck tires, car tire and tire and other varieties of mine use.
Truck tire except in the sidewall superscript standard standard outside, still must indicate layer series. But here we need notice is, truck tire layer series does not refer to its theoretical layers, but refers to the use of high strength materials cord manufacturing the tire carcass, the load function is equivalent to using a cotton cord manufacturing the tire carcass ply rating. This is because cotton cord is first used in the manufacture of tire cord, therefore, international practice with cotton cord layer for marking tire plies benchmark. Not the same level, tire load can not. Even as a standard tire, due to its layer series is different, its load to is not the same, therefore, different levels of tyre, not on the same axis use, otherwise, running at high speed and load condition would be a risk. For example: the liberation of vehicle 900 - 20 tyres ( 16 level ) can not and 900 - 20 tyres ( 14 level ) and use of the same in a shaft, due to their different load levels, is not the same as, mix after brief seizure risk
It provides testing and certification services, TUV SÜD introduced, the legislation provides for standardized performance of the tire three requirements: fuel economy (ie Tire rolling resistance requirements), are divided into A to G grades 7; wet pavement caught Fertility levels, divided into 6 A to F grades; road noise levels, in accordance with the provisions of the noise value of the test is divided into three levels: N ≤ LV-3, LV-3 <N≤LV,N> LV, and black label Said. The reform of the vehicles in the new technical requirements, increased security with advanced technology components and equipment. In this regard, TUV's services will help customers in the timely adjustment of production problems, improve productivity and qualified to meet the high standards of EU exporters.
In addition, EC1222/2009 force in itself, is more uniform in accordance with manufacturers specifications to identify yourself to the end consumer product performance, which makes the price advantage of domestic manufacturers were watered down. Therefore, TUV SÜD's experts recommend companies should pay more attention to improve product quality and performance, rather than meet the basic regulations to achieve market access and then to get the market through price advantage.
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