●can speed
We once said, no tire revolution was the development of the world automobile industry. And in 1946 by the Michelin Co invented radial Truck Tire, tire field to bring revolutionary, is an epoch-making. Radial tire is available, not only for modern traffic plays a decisive influence, at the same time, but also to human life brought about by the bright colors.
Firstly, from the perspective of automobile speed, the speed of the mainly depends on the engine, but the tire is shouldering the mission of sacred duty. The United States sprint Ming will Lewis, the quality of its own as the engine of the car, but his feet shoes like car radial tire, if Lewis wore sneakers but not ordinary leather shoes, then, others do not take stimulants can run faster than him. Of course, this is just a joke, but the tires on the importance of improving the vehicle speed.
We may be on the highway seen from the tire off a piece of rubber, this is because the tire speed exceeds its critical speed, resulting in the interior of the tire has accumulated a lot of heat caused by the.
Then, the speed and spin coating what relationship? After the introduction of their relationship, first introduce the tire at high speed to produce a phenomenon -- " standing wave ".
Tyre during running, the tyre and the ground contact portion for loading and the surrounding bending, rotating and leaves the ground, with the curved portion of tire pressure restitution, but if the tire pressure is insufficient or too fast, too late to restore bent portion, the tire will produce wavy deformation, manifested in the tire and ground the site of a nearby, commonly known as " standing wave ".
" Standing " occurs, the rolling resistance of the tire tire rises sharply, in a short period of time to absorb wave energy, resulting in a rapid temperature rise. At this point, if continue to high speeds, which occurs earlier pavement adhesive is shed, and cause tyre blowout.
You can see from the above analysis, " speed - - - - wave temperature degumming burst " are linked together in a line. While the radial tire because ply outside hoop has strong steel, therefore, even during high speed rotation, is not prone to " wave " phenomenon. So the tire can be high speed, while the bias tire. However, everything has its limit, particularly tires, because it plays a comprehensive role, so in the design and production of wheel tyre, has provided the critical velocity ( of course this structure than the bias tire tire speed is much higher ), if the speed exceeds the tire critical speed, the same happens. Therefore, each driver will be aware of their own cars tire speed levels, and in strict accordance with the provisions of the level road, as far as possible to avoid explosion accidents from happening.
Not be punctured easily
Radial tire tread portion because of steel strip layer, therefore, is not easy to be nails and other sharp objects on ( relatively speaking ). Experiments show that, from the tread into the diameter of 2mm nails, bias tire only 196N force can run through, and radial tire wire, need 980N force to penetrate. That is to say, steel radial tire and oblique intersection tyre comparison, both into the same nail, into the tread of the strength, steel radial tire is the tire oblique lines layer 5 times.
The long service life
Because the radial tire crown of strip steel is very strong, therefore, the tire tread portion can use relatively hard rubber, thereby improving the tire wear, prolonging the service life of the tire.
The strong safety performance
Radial tire tread is wide, so it's grip is strong, good braking performance, handling and stability performance good. In addition, we have introduced the temperature is caused by the tire problems are a major cause of radial tire, and because of its sidewall thin, so the running when the temperature is low, heat quickly. In general, radial tire with 110km / h speed continuous running, its temperature is 100 ℃, and bias tire, when the speed of 69km / h continuous running, its temperature is as high as 120℃. Therefore, meridian tire can be safe, high-speed in the high-speed on the road. In addition, radial tire with sidewall is soft, shock absorption, good ride comfort, low noise.
Test proves, radial tire and bias tire is compared, its wear resistance can be improved about 30% 50%~100%, low rolling resistance, save fuel 8%~10%, enhance traction around 10%~20%, improve the lateral force resistance performance is 50%~70%, punctured tyre oblique lines 5 times.
However, radial tyre side as the thinner, so it is not as good as the tire sidewall resistance to fight, whether Road teeth or gravel roads are very easy to cut the tire sidewall, suffered a fatal injury and useless. In addition, because the tire production process is complicated, the production of strict technical requirements, must have advanced equipment and expensive raw materials, so the tire production efficiency as well as the tire is high, the price is more expensive. Even so, along with the high speed road development, bias tire has been unable to meet the high-speed road, road of high speed of radial tire as a pet, has been more and more by the vast number of pilots favor. At present, the full realization of the tire of meridian of Western Europe, the United States of America amounted to 89%, Japan reached 78%, the majority of countries such as China, the meridian tire also has reached about 30%. As can be expected, tyre industry proportion can be more and more big, the progressive realization of full meridian of just a matter of time.
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Buy Truck Tiresmust first determine the vehicle 's first tyre specification. Usually car tire specifications identifier is ***\/** R***, are part of digital ( for example: 205\/55R16 ).
This note is, buy the tire specifications must be the original car assembly and tire specifications, such as the need to change the specifications of tire must go to the professional shop converted tire upgrades, or consulting car manufacturer. In the purchase of the tyre, you need to fully consider the performance of the vehicle, driving habits and hobbies, the road conditions and climatic conditions, and then according to Jin Branch of tire product positioning to choosing your tires.
Different specifications available pattern is not the same. The same is Jin Branch brand of tires, a different pattern represents the different product positioning. ( for example: PRIMACY LC Hiroetsu belongs to comfortable pattern, PILOT SPORT 3 belongs to the movement pattern ).
As the pneumatic tire is the prototype of 1845 by the people of Scotland Thomson (R.w.THoMsoN ) method, although at that time was for patents, but also far from useful right. Thereafter, in L 888 years, and Thomson is also Scotland's Deng Lupu (J.B.DuNLOP ), this means to be improved, so that substantially close to useful tire production success. But because in the tyre body using canvas its vertical and horizontal lines cross each other contact, so every tire rolling, due to the grounding part is deformed, the vertical and horizontal lines rub against each other, and in a short period of time by grinding off, so durability is very poor. Later, in 1915, due to the emergence of cord cross each other is attached to the cord, instead of vertically interleaved usually canvas, which layer is a rubber insulation, prevent conflict, and then cause the durability of speed.
Later, in the tire information, because of the introduction of cotton yarn with a drug to disposal which fibrosis tenacity rayon song alternative when always use cotton, so durability and large fluctuation of progress. The other, as the cord nylon, dacron, continuous use of steel wire, steel wire rope is also tried, carbon fiber. Again on the rubber, instead of natural rubber synthetic rubber production, rubber reinforcing agent and improving the nature of medicine development, and production technology have greatly contributed to the tire durability and other functional progress.
In addition to tire material, almost at the same time, tire and other components can be further improved. From 1890 to 1900 showed a tread pattern tire, and before that, as long as the flat tire. Because the tread pattern, greatly improve the tire on a muddy road and wet road operating safety.
Around 1925, tire bead with a certain geometric shape, and the bead portion protruding into the wheel rut edge corresponding to the concave part. But this fixation method is not safe, so later on bead structure has been improved, there is still in use today with right angle bead tyre.
From 30 time begin to tire structure further toward the specialized direction, thus a series of new tires. As everyone knows, " ultra low pressure tires " ( 1930) is an earliest special structure of tyre. Because its outline increases, pressure drop, improve and ground adhesion ability.
As the world of business development, " ISO " specification will gradually being widely used, at the appointed time, PCR tire specifications world standardization will come. The European symbols refer to Europe and Britain, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Portugal, Switzerland, Denmark, Belgium, Holland, Ireland, Czech, Poland, Romania and other 14 countries in the domestic and international business between a standard. This standard uses the letter "E " to indicate, that is to say in the European countries of all products ( tire was no exception. So in the following analysis of quality certification is the " ECE " ), and "E" symbol, its products are not allowed to sell.
Tire specification in the European symbols is indicated:
( 1 ) 185 / R14 90S
185: tire width ( mm )
R: Meridian project
14: tyre nominal diameter ( in )
90: maximum load
S: maximum speed
( 2 ) 165 / R13 86S
165: tire width ( mm )
R: Meridian project
13: tyre nominal diameter ( in )
86: maximum load
S: maximum speed
( 3 ) 185 / 70R14
185: tire width ( mm )
70: the flattening ratio
R: Meridian project
14: tyre nominal diameter ( in )
From the cases of 1] and [ 2] cases we can see, the tire code symbol without flattening ratio, actually this kind of tire code symbol in the flattening ratio is 82, but in the European symbols is saved not to write. We now journey has many vehicles such as LADA cars using the tire is 165 / 80R13, but more than 80 series tire was flat in the market as the 82 series of adequate supply, the value is 82 series of slightly more expensive, so, when you know your future European symbols, the original car with false if 165 / 80R13, can be replaced by 165R13, such as the original car is the use of 185 / 80R14 tires, can be switched into 185R14 tires, so you will bring great convenience. Remove the 82 series, usually in the tire width and flattening ratio between all use " - " to indicate, rather than using " / " by mark.
The above three mark method, can also be referred to as " PCR ", namely radial car tire ( in front of the analysis of tire type was the "PC" refers to the analysis of passenger car tire ).
The radial light truck symbol. Referred to as the "LTR " symbol
( 1 ) LT215 75R16
LT: light truck
215: tire width ( mm )
85: the flattening ratio
R: Meridian project
16: tyre nominal diameter ( in )
( 2 ) 30× 9.5 75R15LT
30: light diameter ( in )
9.5: tire width ( mm )
R: Meridian project
15: tyre nominal diameter ( in )
LT: light truck
( 3 ) 31× 10.5 R15 107N
31: light diameter ( in )
10.5: tire width ( mm )
( 4 ) 750R16 8PR
750: tire width ( mm )
16: tyre nominal diameter ( in )
8PR: hierarchy
( 5 ) 195R 14C 106 / 104N
195: tire width ( mm )
R: radial tire
14: tyre nominal diameter ( 14~14in )
C: commercial use tires ( light truck )
106: load symbol ( a single round of ~950kg )
104: load symbols ( double wheel ~900kg )
N: speed symbol ( N~140km / h )
The digital symbols. Digit symbol may also be referred to as the bias tire symbol.
( 1 ) 4.50 -12 8
4.50: tire width ( in )
-: oblique scheme
12: tyre nominal diameter ( in )
8: layer series
( 2 ) 6.50 -16 10
4.50: tire width ( in )
-: oblique scheme
16: tyre nominal diameter ( in )
10: layer series
( 3 ) LR78 -15 LT
L: load to symbol
R: Meridian project
78: the flattening ratio
15: tyre nominal diameter ( in )
LT: layer series
( 4 ) T115 / 70D15
T: temporary fetal symbol
115: tyre width
70: the flattening ratio
D: diagonal scheme
15: tyre nominal diameter ( in )
More systematic analysis of tire specifications variety of mark method and their meanings. Master these knowledge, will give you in the next purchase tire bring great convenience, you can pass on the tire is not the same as the width of mark method in accounting, then replace or communicate their own car on the use of tire, to achieve their aspirations of purpose.
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Import and export truck tires specification has many marked approaches, such as 205 / 60R15 89H, P195 / 75R14, P195 / 75SR14, 92S 165R13, 185 70R14, 750 16LT, 31 ×10.50R15LT and so on, so that drivers do not understand, many, did not know that these figures are representative of what parts of the tire, why Mark approach and every kind of.
In fact we see every kind of truck tires specification is not the same country or different arrangement by the use of different marked method. The front tyre has analyzed each part of the name and appellation refers to the plan, these terms are invariant, so, you know different countries marked the approach mentioned in the back tire parts, also widely, what understood.
① ISO symbols. The ISO symbol is the international standard of symbols arranged abbreviation, ISO9000, ISO9001, ISOt9002, as in the previous analysis of Japanese tire, implementation of the specification is ISO9002, Yokohama tire implementation specification is ISO9001.
In accordance with the 10S symbol, the tire specification must be marked in the following ways:
( 1 ) 205 / 60R15 89H
205: tire width ( mm )
60: the flattening ratio
R: radial plan
15: tyre nominal diameter ( in )
89: maximum load
H: maximum speed
( 2 ) 215 / 65R15 94H
215: tire width ( mm )
65: the flattening ratio
R: radial plan
15: tyre nominal diameter ( in )
94: maximum load
H: maximum speed
② P metric. P metric for the United States of America specification.
( 1 ) P195 / 75R14 92S
P : Airbus abbreviations ( PC )
195: tire width ( mm )
75: the flattening ratio
R: radial plan
14: tyre nominal diameter ( in )
92: maximum load
S: maximum speed
( 2 ) P205 / 60HR14
P : Airbus abbreviations
205: tire width ( mm )
60: the flattening ratio
H: maximum speed
R: radial plan
14: tyre nominal diameter ( in )
It can be seen from the above ( case 1 ) tire load capacity and speed level is in together, and in the back, and ( 2 ) cases in the tire speed level and representatives of radial tire plan alphabet R together, while the load is marked other elsewhere, so, ( 1 ) and the ( 2 ) indicate the approach is slightly different. Although this only shows that methods are not the same, but there are many driver brothers in to buy when the tire, often due to meet to tyres and his used car tire marked approaches are not the same, does not dare to use. For example, some vehicle tire code is 185 / 70SR14, so the driver can use the 185 / 70R14 86S tires. This situation the author in the work which are often encountered, thus, together here emphatically put forward, please have this thought or driver can eliminate early fear, relaxation of purchase, purchase the tire as one wishes.
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Lift truck tire structure, we may wish to recall the history of the development of tire. This regarding our understanding of tire understanding and understanding is very important.
The earliest tires are made from wood, this from our ancient chariots and the foreign gentleman carriage can be seen. Later, when the explorer in 1493-1496 second Kolumb probes new continent arrived in West India islands in Haiti, discovered the local children play rubber lump, which makes him be startled at. Then he put the good things back to the motherland, several years later, rubber has been widely used, the wheels also gradually by the wood into a hard rubber manufacturing. But when the tire is still solid, go up is not sound, and the noise is big. Until 1845, was born in Scotland, civil engineer Tom Rw germinal clear world second pneumatic tires, and to " carriage and other vehicle wheel to improve " problem, obtain the British government patent.
40 years later on 1888, in Ireland when the veterinary medicine Gran JB Mr. Dunlop made inflatable tire patents. At the time, JB Dunlop 's 10 year old son Jonny bought a three-wheeled bike, but because of the tire are hard rubber solid tyre, therefore, on the stony road is not earned, son of complaints aroused Mr. Dunlop idea, therefore, was forgotten for more than forty years pneumatic tire out again. Along with the time travel, Mr. Dunlop invented pneumatic tire quickly in the bicycle has been used, and active towards the car in the field, for the world automotive industry has made great contribution to the open.
During the early stages of the pneumatic tire, use is coated with rubber canvas when the matrix, because the canvas of vertical and horizontal lines cross each other when walking, because the deformation of the tire, lead line conflict, this line is very simple, is worn off, the tyre can run 200-300km.1903 JF, Mr. Nirupama made clear twill textiles, textile invention led to the diagonal cross ply tires opened, so that the tire to go forward. Because of an oblique fork from the tire carcass walking and lead to conflict, cord is not simple ground fault, so life is lengthened. 1930 Michelin made the first tubeless tires; 1946 and invented a world famous radial tire. Therefore, the tire turn is experienced a lengthy process, in this long night, I do not know how many generations in much hard work and wisdom.
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In 1, I'm driving habits will reduce PCR Tyre life?
Yes! The following are a few helps to extend tire life tips:
Don't overdrive. A high speed will be too much heat, accelerate the tyre wear, weakened the tire durability. Please take the safety, legal speed.
Prevent rapid turning and rolling road shoulder.
Prevent rapid advice and emergency braking.
Don't crush shoulder, avoid pavement potholes and other obstacles. The vehicle travels at high speed, such as tire impact craters and other obstacles will cause the tire to the obstacle and the rim flange occurs between severe kneading deformation, it can constitute a carcass cord tyre cracking, internal compressed air from the gap from the top of the drum kit (see below ). More harsh words, will constitute a tire impact split, instantaneous down completely and can exhibit a vehicle out of control situation.
2, how to maintain the tire?
China certificate for tire would provide more comfortable travel feeling, tread life also extends. Thus:
Please use the correct way to every month ( i.e. in " cold " fetal condition ) check the tyre pressure.
Often view the tire can show off, protrusions, pierce and any damage or irregular wear.
Once found abnormal tread wear, please immediately view the four wheel alignment.
Device for wheel, please ensure the balance.
According to the vehicle user demand may tire manufacturers demand, wheel bearing exchange.
3, what are the factors that decide the life of tire?
Many factors influence the city tire life journey, for example:
Tire drawing
Car condition
Tire protection
Journey conditions
Climate conditions
Driving habits
Thus, it cannot accurate forecast tire journey life. But the master habits about the influence of tire journey life is crucial, so when you control the vehicle during braking, acceleration and cornering please soft operation, which can greatly extend tire life.
Truck tire species complex, hundreds more, according to the general habit of tire pressure, purpose, planning, load capacity and other elements of a general classification. According to the plan is different, can be divided into bias tire and radial tire; according to the matrix skeleton materials are not the same, can be divided into artificial silk cord tires, nylon tire cord, polyester tire cord, steel wire tire cord and pouring tire; in accordance with tubeless, can be divided into inner tube and tubeless tyre tire; according to the standard size, can be divided into giant, large, medium and small tire; according to the use of different, can be divided into automobile tires, OTR tire, agricultural and forestry tyre, tire, motorcycle tire tire. During the automobile tire uses can be divided into 5 categories: car tires, light load tyre, tyre, and mining, off-road tire.
The international standard rules, should according to the tire use classification.
Automobile tire planning in accordance with different can be divided for bias tire and radial tire.
Bias tire carcass ply layer and a buffer layer in the adjacent layer Cord Cross, and of the tread center line is less than 90 degrees are inflatable tires, tire ( referred to as the radial tire carcass ply ) and the tread center line form an angle of 90 degrees or 90 degrees is placed near the earth, similar to the meridian line method of tire.
The first selection bias tire fibers as the reinforcement material of tire, industrial equipment is relatively simple and technical content is low, in the process of using the heat high, not suitable for high speed travel, mainly for agricultural vehicles, the low speed truck and bus function. From the direction of the development, to the early tire varieties, will be gradually pick. While the radial tire as depicted on the advantages and ply number, plus in the crown increases the strength and endurance of larger belt, its internal friction and rolling power is small, wear resistance is greatly improved, so the rational planning, high speed, oil saving, safety, comfortable and other interests, with diagonal tyre incomparable superiority, is the bias tire replacement.
Radial tire carcass material according to different can divide for all steel radial tire, semi steel radial tire and all fiber radial tire. Semi steel radial tire is mainly used for loading small passenger car and light truck, and all steel radial tire for high speed and high power truck, bus, container truck and long distance, high grade highway treks trucks and buses, both have obvious differences in use.
